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Python 2.7+ also supports set comprehensions and dictionary comprehensions. First-class functions. In Python, functions are first-class objects that can be created and passed around dynamically. Python's limited support for anonymous functions is the lambda construct. An example is the anonymous function which squares its input, called with the ...
Computational problem. In theoretical computer science, a computational problem is a problem that may be solved by an algorithm. For example, the problem of factoring. "Given a positive integer n, find a nontrivial prime factor of n ." is a computational problem. A computational problem can be viewed as a set of instances or cases together with ...
The eight queens puzzle is a special case of the more general n queens problem of placing n non-attacking queens on an n × n chessboard. Solutions exist for all natural numbers n with the exception of n = 2 and n = 3. Although the exact number of solutions is only known for n ≤ 27, the asymptotic growth rate of the number of solutions is ...
Tower of Hanoi. The Tower of Hanoi (also called The problem of Benares Temple [1] or Tower of Brahma or Lucas' Tower [2] and sometimes pluralized as Towers, or simply pyramid puzzle [3]) is a mathematical game or puzzle consisting of three rods and a number of disks of various diameters, which can slide onto any rod.
In computability theory, the halting problem is the problem of determining, from a description of an arbitrary computer program and an input, whether the program will finish running, or continue to run forever. The halting problem is undecidable, meaning that no general algorithm exists that solves the halting problem for all possible program ...
The most common problem being solved is the 0-1 knapsack problem, which restricts the number of copies of each kind of item to zero or one. Given a set of n {\displaystyle n} items numbered from 1 up to n {\displaystyle n} , each with a weight w i {\displaystyle w_{i}} and a value v i {\displaystyle v_{i}} , along with a maximum weight capacity ...
Formulation of the problem. A monkey is in a room. Suspended from the ceiling is a bunch of bananas, beyond the monkey's reach. However, in the room there are also a chair and a stick. The ceiling is just the right height so that a monkey standing on a chair could knock the bananas down with the stick. The monkey knows how to move around, carry ...
A greedy algorithm is any algorithm that follows the problem-solving heuristic of making the locally optimal choice at each stage. [1] In many problems, a greedy strategy does not produce an optimal solution, but a greedy heuristic can yield locally optimal solutions that approximate a globally optimal solution in a reasonable amount of time.