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  2. Space Shuttle orbiter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Shuttle_orbiter

    The Space Shuttle orbiter is the spaceplane component of the Space Shuttle, a partially reusable orbital spacecraft system that was part of the discontinued Space Shuttle program. Operated from 1977 to 2011 by NASA, [1] the U.S. space agency, this vehicle could carry astronauts and payloads into low Earth orbit, perform in-space operations ...

  3. Space Shuttle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Shuttle

    The Space Shuttle is a retired, partially reusable low Earth orbital spacecraft system operated from 1981 to 2011 by the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) as part of the Space Shuttle program. Its official program name was Space Transportation System (STS), taken from a 1969 plan for a system of reusable spacecraft where ...

  4. Orbital Maneuvering System - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_Maneuvering_System

    The Orbital Maneuvering System (OMS) is a system of hypergolic liquid-propellant rocket engines used on the Space Shuttle and the Orion MPCV.Designed and manufactured in the United States by Aerojet, the system allowed the orbiter to perform various orbital maneuvers according to requirements of each mission profile: orbital injection after main engine cutoff, orbital corrections during flight ...

  5. Space Shuttle Columbia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Columbia

    Space Shuttle Columbia (OV-102) was a Space Shuttle orbiter manufactured by Rockwell International and operated by NASA.Named after the first American ship to circumnavigate the upper North American Pacific coast and the female personification of the United States, Columbia was the first of five Space Shuttle orbiters to fly in space, debuting the Space Shuttle launch vehicle on its maiden ...

  6. Space Shuttle thermal protection system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Shuttle_thermal...

    Space Shuttle Discovery as it approaches the International Space Station during the STS-114 on 28 July 2005. The Space Shuttle thermal protection system (TPS) is the barrier that protected the Space Shuttle Orbiter during the searing 1,650 °C (3,000 °F) heat of atmospheric reentry. A secondary goal was to protect from the heat and cold of ...

  7. Space Shuttle design process - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Shuttle_design_process

    Space Shuttle design process. Early U.S. space shuttle concepts. Before the Apollo 11 Moon landing in 1969, NASA began studies of Space Shuttle designs as early as October 1968. The early studies were denoted "Phase A", and in June 1970, "Phase B", which were more detailed and specific. The primary intended use of the Space Shuttle was ...

  8. Space Shuttle program - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Shuttle_program

    The Space Shuttle program was the fourth human spaceflight program carried out by the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), which accomplished routine transportation for Earth-to-orbit crew and cargo from 1981 to 2011. Its official name, Space Transportation System ( STS ), was taken from a 1969 plan for a system of ...

  9. Space Transportation System - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Transportation_System

    A nuclear-powered shuttle or ferry using the NERVA engine, to move crew, spacecraft and supplies between low Earth orbit and lunar orbit, geosynchronous orbit, or to other planets in the solar system. A crew module derived from the space station module would be used to send humans to the Moon or Mars. The tug and ferry vehicles would be of a ...