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Machine learning (ML) is a field of study in artificial intelligence concerned with the development and study of statistical algorithms that can learn from data and generalize to unseen data, and thus perform tasks without explicit instructions. Recently, artificial neural networks have been able to surpass many previous approaches in performance.
Multi-task learning. Multi-task learning (MTL) is a subfield of machine learning in which multiple learning tasks are solved at the same time, while exploiting commonalities and differences across tasks. This can result in improved learning efficiency and prediction accuracy for the task-specific models, when compared to training the models ...
In particular, three data sets are commonly used in different stages of the creation of the model: training, validation, and test sets. The model is initially fit on a training data set, [3] which is a set of examples used to fit the parameters (e.g. weights of connections between neurons in artificial neural networks) of the model. [4]
Meta learning is a subfield of machine learning where automatic learning algorithms are applied to metadata about machine learning experiments. As of 2017, the term had not found a standard interpretation, however the main goal is to use such metadata to understand how automatic learning can become flexible in solving learning problems, hence to improve the performance of existing learning ...
Rule-based machine learning (RBML) is a term in computer science intended to encompass any machine learning method that identifies, learns, or evolves 'rules' to store, manipulate or apply. [1] [2] [3] The defining characteristic of a rule-based machine learner is the identification and utilization of a set of relational rules that collectively ...
e. In computer science, online machine learning is a method of machine learning in which data becomes available in a sequential order and is used to update the best predictor for future data at each step, as opposed to batch learning techniques which generate the best predictor by learning on the entire training data set at once.
Instance-based learning. In machine learning, instance-based learning (sometimes called memory-based learning [1]) is a family of learning algorithms that, instead of performing explicit generalization, compare new problem instances with instances seen in training, which have been stored in memory. Because computation is postponed until a new ...
A generative adversarial network ( GAN) is a class of machine learning frameworks and a prominent framework for approaching generative AI. [1] [2] The concept was initially developed by Ian Goodfellow and his colleagues in June 2014. [3] In a GAN, two neural networks contest with each other in the form of a zero-sum game, where one agent's gain ...