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Earth's crust. Plates in the crust of Earth. Earth's crust is its thick outer shell of rock, referring to less than one percent of the planet's radius and volume. It is the top component of the lithosphere, a division of Earth's layers that includes the crust and the upper part of the mantle. [1] The lithosphere is broken into tectonic plates ...
Google Earth. Google Earth is a computer program that renders a 3D representation of Earth based primarily on satellite imagery. The program maps the Earth by superimposing satellite images, aerial photography, and GIS data onto a 3D globe, allowing users to see cities and landscapes from various angles. Users can explore the globe by entering ...
Earth's crust and mantle, Mohorovičić discontinuity between bottom of crust and solid uppermost mantle. Earth's mantle extends to a depth of 2,890 km (1,800 mi), making it the planet's thickest layer. [This is 45% of the 6,371 km (3,959 mi) radius, and 83.7% of the volume - 0.6% of the volume is the crust].
Sharp rises occur in the uppermost mantle and at the core–mantle boundary. Geothermal gradient is the rate of change in temperature with respect to increasing depth in Earth 's interior. As a general rule, the crust temperature rises with depth due to the heat flow from the much hotter mantle; away from tectonic plate boundaries, temperature ...
On 23 March 1875, at sample station number #225, HMS Challenger recorded the bottom at 4,475 fathoms (26,850 ft; 8,184 m) deep, (the deepest sounding of her three-plus-year eastward circumnavigation of the Earth) at 11°24′N 143°16′E – and confirmed it with a second sounding at the same location. [10]
Bathymetry ( / bəˈθɪmətri /; from Ancient Greek βαθύς (bathús) 'deep', and μέτρον (métron) 'measure') [1] [2] is the study of underwater depth of ocean floors ( seabed topography ), lake floors, or river floors. In other words, bathymetry is the underwater equivalent to hypsometry or topography. The first recorded evidence of ...
The preliminary reference Earth model ( PREM) plots the average of Earth 's properties by depth. [1] It includes a table of Earth properties, including elastic properties, attenuation, density, pressure, and gravity . PREM has been widely used as the basis for seismic tomography and related global geophysical models. [2]
Elevation. The elevation of a geographic location is its height above or below a fixed reference point, most commonly a reference geoid, a mathematical model of the Earth 's sea level as an equipotential gravitational surface (see Geodetic datum § Vertical datum ). The term elevation is mainly used when referring to points on the Earth's ...