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MU puzzle. The MU puzzle is a puzzle stated by Douglas Hofstadter and found in Gödel, Escher, Bach involving a simple formal system called "MIU". Hofstadter's motivation is to contrast reasoning within a formal system (i.e., deriving theorems) against reasoning about the formal system itself.
Parsons problems are a form of an objective assessment in which respondents are asked to choose from a selection of code fragments, some subset of which comprise the problem solution. The Parsons problem format is used in the learning and teaching of computer programming . Dale Parsons and Patricia Haden of Otago Polytechnic developed Parsons's ...
Problem solving is the process of achieving a goal by overcoming obstacles, a frequent part of most activities. Problems in need of solutions range from simple personal tasks (e.g. how to turn on an appliance) to complex issues in business and technical fields. The former is an example of simple problem solving (SPS) addressing one issue ...
(more unsolved problems in mathematics) Directed graph showing the orbits of small numbers under the Collatz map, skipping even numbers. The Collatz conjecture states that all paths eventually lead to 1. The Collatz conjecture [a] is one of the most famous unsolved problems in mathematics. The conjecture asks whether repeating two simple arithmetic operations will eventually transform every ...
Word problem for groups. In mathematics, especially in the area of abstract algebra known as combinatorial group theory, the word problem for a finitely generated group is the algorithmic problem of deciding whether two words in the generators represent the same element. The word problem is a well-known example of an undecidable problem .
In elementary algebra, when solving equations, it is guess and check. This approach can be seen as one of the two basic approaches to problem-solving, contrasted with an approach using insight and theory. However, there are intermediate methods which for example, use theory to guide the method, an approach known as guided empiricism.
The Stanford Research Institute Problem Solver, known by its acronym STRIPS, is an automated planner developed by Richard Fikes and Nils Nilsson in 1971 at SRI International. [1] The same name was later used to refer to the formal language of the inputs to this planner. This language is the base for most of the languages for expressing ...
Smith, Myers, Kaplan, and Goodman-Strauss) In plane geometry, the einstein problem asks about the existence of a single prototile that by itself forms an aperiodic set of prototiles; that is, a shape that can tessellate space but only in a nonperiodic way. Such a shape is called an einstein, a word play on ein Stein, German for "one stone".