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Pre-Code Hollywood: Sex, Immorality, and Insurrection in American Cinema 1930-1934. New York: Columbia University Press 1999. ISBN 0-231-11094-4. Jacobs, Lea. The Wages of Sin: Censorship and the Fallen Woman Film, 1928-1942. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press 1997 ISBN 0-520-20790-4. Jeff, Leonard L, & Simmons, Jerold L.
Pre-Code Hollywood. In this 1931 publicity photo, Dorothy Mackaill plays a secretary-turned-prostitute in Safe in Hell, a pre-Code Warner Bros. film. Pre-Code films such as The Public Enemy (1931) were able to feature criminal, anti-hero protagonists. Pre-Code Hollywood was an era in the American film industry that occurred between the ...
Anti-film censorship cartoon published in The Film Mercury magazine, circa 1926. Public outcry over perceived immorality in Hollywood and the movies, as well as the growing number of city and state censorship boards, led the movie studios to fear that federal regulations were not far off; so they created, in 1922, the Motion Pictures Producers and Distributors Association (which became the ...
The Motion Picture Production Code was a set of industry guidelines for the self-censorship of content that was applied to most motion pictures released by major studios in the United States from 1934 to 1968. It is also popularly known as the Hays Code, after Will H. Hays, president of the Motion Picture Producers and Distributors of America ...
Scarface. Paul Muni in the trailer for Scarface (1932), based on the life of Chicago gangster Al Capone. Due to battles with censors, the film was delayed for almost a year. [51] The most violent and controversial pre-Code gangster film was undoubtedly Scarface (1932). [52] [53] [54] Directed by Howard Hawks and starring Paul Muni as Tony ...
Film censorship. Anders als die Andern, one of the most notable banned movies in Germany due to homosexual themes. Film censorship is the censorship of motion pictures, either through the excising of certain frames or scenes, or outright banning of films in their entirety. Film censorship typically occurs as a result of political or moral ...
1934—1941. Breen was a journalist and an "influential layperson" in the Catholic community. [5] Breen worked for Will H. Hays as a "troubleshooter" as early as 1931. [6] In 1933, the Roman Catholic National Legion of Decency was founded, and began to rate films independently, putting pressure on the industry.
Film censorship in the United Kingdom. Film censorship in the United Kingdom began with early cinema exhibition becoming subject to the Disorderly Houses Act 1751. [1] The Cinematograph Act 1909 was primarily concerned with introducing annual licensing of premises where films were shown, particularly because of the fire risk of nitrate film.