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By drawing a boundary around a study area, two types of problems in measurement and analysis takes place. [7] The first is an edge effect. [13] This effect originates from the ignorance of interdependences that occur outside the bounded region. [13]
The logo of the United States Geological Survey (USGS) The Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) is a database of name and location information about more than two million physical and cultural features throughout the United States and its territories; the associated states of the Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, and Palau; and Antarctica.
This glossary of geography terms is a list of definitions of terms and concepts used in geography and related fields, including Earth science, oceanography, cartography, and human geography, as well as those describing spatial dimension, topographical features, natural resources, and the collection, analysis, and visualization of geographic data.
v. t. e. Physical geography (also known as physiography) is one of the three main branches of geography. [1][2][3][4][5] Physical geography is the branch of natural science which deals with the processes and patterns in the natural environment such as the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, and geosphere.
Geomorphology (from Ancient Greek: γῆ, gê, 'earth'; μορφή, morphḗ, 'form'; and λόγος, lógos, 'study') [2] is the scientific study of the origin and evolution of topographic and bathymetric features generated by physical, chemical or biological processes operating at or near Earth's surface. Geomorphologists seek to understand ...
Metrics for defining a small state look at aspects of country including area, population, size of the government, territory, and political situation. [3] One of the most common metrics to look at is population, which constraints other aspects, and countries with less than one million people is one common benchmark.
A geographic information system (GIS) consists of integrated computer hardware and software that store, manage, analyze, edit, output, and visualize geographic data. [1][2] Much of this often happens within a spatial database; however, this is not essential to meet the definition of a GIS. [1] In a broader sense, one may consider such a system ...
Geospatial PDF is a set of geospatial extensions to the Portable Document Format (PDF) 1.7 specification to include information that relates a region in the document page to a region in physical space — called georeferencing. [1] A geospatial PDF can contain geometry such as points, lines, and polygons. These, for example, could represent ...