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A proxy server may reside on the user's local computer, or at any point between the user's computer and destination servers on the Internet. A proxy server that passes unmodified requests and responses is usually called a gateway or sometimes a tunneling proxy. A forward proxy is an Internet-facing proxy used to retrieve data from a wide range ...
Cyberwarfare by Russia. Cyberwarfare by Russia includes denial of service attacks, hacker attacks, dissemination of disinformation and propaganda, participation of state-sponsored teams in political blogs, internet surveillance using SORM technology, persecution of cyber-dissidents and other active measures. [1]
t. e. In Russia, internet censorship is enforced on the basis of several laws and through several mechanisms. Since 2012, Russia maintains a centralized internet blacklist (known as the "single register") maintained by the Federal Service for Supervision of Communications, Information Technology and Mass Media ( Roskomnadzor ).
Tor [6] is a free overlay network for enabling anonymous communication. Built on free and open-source software and more than seven thousand volunteer-operated relays worldwide, users can have their Internet traffic routed via a random path through the network. [7] [8]
This is a list of proxy wars. Major powers have been highlighted in bold. Major powers have been highlighted in bold. A proxy war is defined as "a war fought between groups of smaller countries that each represent the interests of other larger powers, and may have help and support from these".
Lantern (software) Lantern is a free [a] internet censorship circumvention tool that operates in some of the most extreme censorship environments, such as China, Iran, and Russia. [5] It uses wide variety of protocols and techniques that obfuscate network traffic and/or co-mingle traffic with protocols censors are reluctant to block.
Hidden services directories, portals, and information. 1.1.1.1 [26] – DNS by Cloudflare. Mullvad – VPN provider based in Sweden. Njalla [27] – Domain register, hosting and VPN provider. The Hidden Wiki – ambiguously forked.
Open proxy. An open proxy is a type of proxy server that is accessible by any Internet user. Generally, a proxy server only allows users within a network group (i.e. a closed proxy) to store and forward Internet services such as DNS or web pages to reduce and control the bandwidth used by the group. With an open proxy, however, any user on the ...