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Atmospheric reanalysis. An atmospheric reanalysis (also: meteorological reanalysis and climate reanalysis) is a meteorological and climate data assimilation project which aims to assimilate historical atmospheric observational data spanning an extended period, using a single consistent assimilation (or "analysis") scheme throughout.
Atmospheric model. A 96-hour forecast of 850 mbar geopotential height and temperature from the Global Forecast System. In atmospheric science, an atmospheric model is a mathematical model constructed around the full set of primitive, dynamical equations which govern atmospheric motions. It can supplement these equations with parameterizations ...
The ENIAC main control panel at the Moore School of Electrical Engineering operated by Betty Jennings and Frances Bilas. The history of numerical weather prediction began in the 1920s through the efforts of Lewis Fry Richardson, who used procedures originally developed by Vilhelm Bjerknes to produce by hand a six-hour forecast for the state of the atmosphere over two points in central Europe ...
Regional Atmospheric Modeling System. The Regional Atmospheric Modeling System ( RAMS) is a set of computer programs that simulate the atmosphere for weather and climate research and for numerical weather prediction (NWP). Other components include a data analysis and a visualization package. [1]
The Center for Analysis and Prediction of Storms ( CAPS) was established at the University of Oklahoma [1] in 1989 as one of the first eleven National Science Foundation Science and Technology Centers. Located at the National Weather Center in Norman, Oklahoma, its mission is the development of techniques for the computer-based prediction of ...
Integrated Forecast System. The Integrated Forecasting System ( IFS) is a global numerical weather prediction system jointly developed and maintained by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) based in Reading, England, and Météo-France based in Toulouse. [1] The version of the IFS run at ECMWF is often referred to as ...
Atmospheric models calculate winds, heat transfer, radiation, relative humidity, and surface hydrology within each grid and evaluate interactions with neighboring points. [1] A general circulation model ( GCM) is a type of climate model. It employs a mathematical model of the general circulation of a planetary atmosphere or ocean.
This can be in the form of statistical techniques to remove known biases in the model, or of adjustment to take into account consensus among other numerical weather forecasts. MOS or model output statistics is a technique used to interpret numerical model output and produce site-specific guidance.