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  2. Field (mathematics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_(mathematics)

    t. e. In mathematics, a field is a set on which addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division are defined and behave as the corresponding operations on rational and real numbers. A field is thus a fundamental algebraic structure which is widely used in algebra, number theory, and many other areas of mathematics.

  3. Field (physics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_(physics)

    Field (physics) Illustration of the electric field surrounding a positive (red) and a negative (blue) charge. In physics, a field is a physical quantity, represented by a scalar, vector, or tensor, that has a value for each point in space and time. [1] [2] [3] For example, on a weather map, the surface temperature is described by assigning a ...

  4. Gravitational field - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitational_field

    A gravitational field is used to explain gravitational phenomena, such as the gravitational force field exerted on another massive body. It has dimension of acceleration (L/T 2) and it is measured in units of newtons per kilogram (N/kg) or, equivalently, in meters per second squared (m/s 2 ). In its original concept, gravity was a force between ...

  5. Coulomb's law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coulomb's_law

    Coulomb's inverse-square law, or simply Coulomb's law, is an experimental law [1] of physics that calculates the amount of force between two electrically charged particles at rest. This electric force is conventionally called the electrostatic force or Coulomb force. [2] Although the law was known earlier, it was first published in 1785 by ...

  6. Internet checksum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_checksum

    The checksum field is the 16 bit one's complement of the one's complement sum of all 16 bit words in the header. For purposes of computing the checksum, the value of the checksum field is zero. If there is no corruption, the result of summing the entire IP header, including checksum, should be zero. At each hop, the checksum is verified.

  7. Decibel - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decibel

    Decibel. The decibel (symbol: dB) is a relative unit of measurement equal to one tenth of a bel ( B ). It expresses the ratio of two values of a power or root-power quantity on a logarithmic scale. Two signals whose levels differ by one decibel have a power ratio of 10 1/10 (approximately 1.26) or root-power ratio of 10 1/20 (approximately 1.12 ).

  8. Force field (chemistry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Force_field_(chemistry)

    Part of force field of ethane for the C-C stretching bond. In the context of chemistry, molecular physics and physical chemistry and molecular modelling, a force field is a computational model that is used to describe the forces between atoms (or collections of atoms) within molecules or between molecules as well as in crystals.

  9. Gravitational constant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitational_constant

    pc ⋅ M⊙−1 ⋅ ( km / s) 2. The gravitational constant G is a key quantity in Newton's law of universal gravitation. The gravitational constant is an empirical physical constant involved in the calculation of gravitational effects in Sir Isaac Newton 's law of universal gravitation and in Albert Einstein 's theory of general relativity.