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In mathematics, factorization (or factorisation, see English spelling differences) or factoring consists of writing a number or another mathematical object as a product of several factors, usually smaller or simpler objects of the same kind. For example, 3 × 5 is an integer factorization of 15, and (x – 2) (x + 2) is a polynomial ...
Factorization of polynomials. In mathematics and computer algebra, factorization of polynomials or polynomial factorization expresses a polynomial with coefficients in a given field or in the integers as the product of irreducible factors with coefficients in the same domain. Polynomial factorization is one of the fundamental components of ...
The quadratic sieve consists of computing the remainder of a2 / n for several a, then finding a subset of these whose product is a square. This will yield a congruence of squares. For example, consider attempting to factor the number 1649. We have: . None of the integers is a square, but the product is a square.
In number theory, integer factorization is the decomposition of a positive integer into a product of integers. Every positive integer greater than 1 is either the product of two or more integer factors, in which case it is called a composite number, or it is not, in which case it is called a prime number. For example, 15 is a composite number ...
The factor theorem is also used to remove known zeros from a polynomial while leaving all unknown zeros intact, thus producing a lower degree polynomial whose zeros may be easier to find. Abstractly, the method is as follows: [3] Deduce the candidate of zero of the polynomial from its leading coefficient and constant term .
Trial division is the most laborious but easiest to understand of the integer factorization algorithms. The essential idea behind trial division tests to see if an integer n, the integer to be factored, can be divided by each number in turn that is less than the square root of n. For example, for the integer n = 12, the only numbers that divide ...
Matrix decomposition. In the mathematical discipline of linear algebra, a matrix decomposition or matrix factorization is a factorization of a matrix into a product of matrices. There are many different matrix decompositions; each finds use among a particular class of problems.
Difference of two squares. In mathematics, the difference of two squares is a squared (multiplied by itself) number subtracted from another squared number. Every difference of squares may be factored according to the identity. in elementary algebra .