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Optimistic concurrency control ( OCC ), also known as optimistic locking, is a non-locking concurrency control method applied to transactional systems such as relational database management systems and software transactional memory. OCC assumes that multiple transactions can frequently complete without interfering with each other.
Euler–Maruyama method. In Itô calculus, the Euler–Maruyama method (also called the Euler method) is a method for the approximate numerical solution of a stochastic differential equation (SDE). It is an extension of the Euler method for ordinary differential equations to stochastic differential equations. It is named after Leonhard Euler ...
For a scheme X over a field k and any field extension E of k, the base change X E means the fiber product X × Spec(k) Spec(E). Here X E is a scheme over E. For example, if X is the curve in the projective plane P 2 R over the real numbers R defined by the equation xy 2 = 7z 3, then X C is the complex curve in P 2 C defined by the same equation.
Proper morphism. In algebraic geometry, a proper morphism between schemes is an analog of a proper map between complex analytic spaces . Some authors call a proper variety over a field k a complete variety. For example, every projective variety over a field k is proper over k. A scheme X of finite type over the complex numbers (for example, a ...
A disadvantage is that compact schemes are implicit and require to solve a diagonal matrix system for the evaluation of interpolations or derivatives at all grid points. Due to their excellent stability properties, compact schemes are a popular choice for use in higher-order numerical solvers for the Navier-Stokes Equations.
OLAP cube. An OLAP cube is a multi-dimensional array of data. [1] Online analytical processing (OLAP) [2] is a computer-based technique of analyzing data to look for insights. The term cube here refers to a multi-dimensional dataset, which is also sometimes called a hypercube if the number of dimensions is greater than three.
Strang splitting. In applied mathematics Strang splitting is a numerical method for solving differential equations that are decomposable into a sum of differential operators. It is named after Gilbert Strang. It is used to speed up calculation for problems involving operators on very different time scales, for example, chemical reactions in ...
Lax–Friedrichs method. The Lax–Friedrichs method, named after Peter Lax and Kurt O. Friedrichs, is a numerical method for the solution of hyperbolic partial differential equations based on finite differences. The method can be described as the FTCS (forward in time, centered in space) scheme with a numerical dissipation term of 1/2.