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  2. Ternary conditional operator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ternary_conditional_operator

    value_if_true : value_if_false. The condition is evaluated true or false as a Boolean expression. On the basis of the evaluation of the Boolean condition, the entire expression returns value_if_true if condition is true, but value_if_false otherwise. Usually the two sub-expressions value_if_true and value_if_false must have the same type, which ...

  3. PHP syntax and semantics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP_syntax_and_semantics

    PHP has a native Boolean type, named "bool", similar to the native Boolean types in Java and C++. Using the Boolean type conversion rules, non-zero values are interpreted as true and zero as false, as in Perl. Both constants true and false are case-insensitive. [25]

  4. Truth table - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truth_table

    A truth table is a structured representation that presents all possible combinations of truth values for the input variables of a Boolean function and their corresponding output values. A function f from A to F is a special relation, a subset of A×F, which simply means that f can be listed as a list of input-output pairs.

  5. Conditional (computer programming) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conditional_(computer...

    In computer science, conditionals (that is, conditional statements, conditional expressions and conditional constructs) are programming language constructs that perform different computations or actions or return different values depending on the value of a Boolean expression, called a condition. Conditionals are typically implemented by ...

  6. PHP - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP

    PHP has a native Boolean type that is similar to the native Boolean types in Java and C++. Using the Boolean type conversion rules, non-zero values are interpreted as true and zero as false, as in Perl and C++. [222] The null data type represents a variable that has no value; NULL is the only allowed value for this data type. [222]

  7. Boolean data type - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boolean_data_type

    George Boole. In computer science, the Boolean (sometimes shortened to Bool) is a data type that has one of two possible values (usually denoted true and false) which is intended to represent the two truth values of logic and Boolean algebra. It is named after George Boole, who first defined an algebraic system of logic in the mid 19th century.

  8. Error correction code - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Error_correction_code

    The fundamental principle of ECC is to add redundant bits in order to help the decoder to find out the true message that was encoded by the transmitter. The code-rate of a given ECC system is defined as the ratio between the number of information bits and the total number of bits (i.e., information plus redundancy bits) in a given communication ...

  9. Time-of-check to time-of-use - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time-of-check_to_time-of-use

    In software development, time-of-check to time-of-use (TOCTOU, TOCTTOU or TOC/TOU) is a class of software bugs caused by a race condition involving the checking of the state of a part of a system (such as a security credential) and the use of the results of that check. TOCTOU race conditions are common in Unix between operations on the file ...