Applications
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Macitentan completely inhibited intracellular calcium increase induced by ET-1 on primary human pulmonary smooth muscle cells with approximate IC50 of 1 nM. Macitentan inhibited ET-1-induced contractions on isolated rat aortic rings or S6c-induced contractions on isolated rat tracheal rings with pA2 of 7.6 and 5.9, respectively. In microvascular endothelial cells, pretreatment with macitentan restored tube formation ability and reduced the expression of mesenchymal markers and restored CD31 expression and the imbalance between VEGF-A and VEGF-A165b.
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Application
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In normotensive rats, macitentan increased plasma ET-1 concentration. Macitentan dose-dependently decreased mean arterial blood pressure in hypertensive DOCA-salt rats with a maximal effect of -26 mm Hg at a dose of 10 mg/kg. Oral administration of macitentan dose-dependently prevented the development of pulmonary hypertension and the development of right ventricle hypertrophy with a maximal efficacy of 30 mg/kg/day in monocrotaline rat model of pulmonary hypertension. Chronic oral administration of macitentan at 30 mg/kg/day significantly improved the 42-day survival in monocrotaline rats. Macitentan (25 mg/kg/day, p.o.) prevented increased production of vasoactive and fibrogenic factors, NF-κB activation, structural and functional changes, and increased extracellular matrix protein production in type 2 diabetes. Macitentan (10 mg/kg, p.o.) in combination with once-per-week 5 mg/kg taxol significantly reduced the weight (size) of HeyA8-MDR tumors in mice. Combination therapy with macitentan (10 or 50 mg/kg) and taxol or macitentan (10 mg/kg) and cisplatinum significantly reduced the number of proliferating Ki-67-positive cells. Macitentan (100 mg/kg) treatment combined with paclitaxel (5 mg/kg) reduced tumor incidence and further reduced tumor weight and incidences of ascites in SKOV3ip1 ovarian cancer model. Macitentan plus paclitaxel inhibited the phosphorylation of ETRs and suppressed the survival pathways of tumor cells by decreasing the levels of pVEGFR2, pAkt, and pMAPK. Macitentan enhanced effects of paclitaxel on tumor cells dividing and apoptosis.
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References:
[1]. Marc Iglarz, Christoph Binkert, Keith Morrison, et al. Pharmacology of Macitentan, an Orally Active Tissue-Targeting Dual Endothelin Receptor Antagonist. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 2008, 327:736-745.
[2]. Corallo C, et al. Bosentan and macitentan prevent the endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) in systemic sclerosis: in vitro study. Arthritis Res Ther. 2016 Oct 6;18(1):228.
[3]. Sen S, et al. Renal, retinal and cardiac changes in type 2 diabetes are attenuated by macitentan, a dual endothelin receptor antagonist. Life Sci. 2012 Apr 13.
[4]. Kim SJ, et al. Antivascular therapy for multidrug-resistant ovarian tumors by macitentan, a dual endothelin receptor antagonist. Transl Oncol. 2012 Feb;5(1):39-47.
[5].Kim S J, Kim J S, Kim S W, et al. Macitentan (ACT-064992), a tissue-targeting endothelin receptor antagonist, enhances therapeutic efficacy of paclitaxel by modulating survival pathways in orthotopic models of metastatic human ovarian cancer[J]. Neoplasia, 2011, 13(2): 167-IN12.
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